Analysis of PM2.5 and PM10 Concentrations, Chimney Conditions, and Public Health in a Tofu-Processing Industrial Area

R. Azizah; Dinda Tiara Nurzahrah  Dariswan; Sudarmaji Sudarmaji; Mahmudah Mahmudah; M. Hadi Khustanto; Zaneta Aaqilah Salsabila; Zafira Nuha Naura; Mifaidah Kusumawati; Fariha Zahra Aghnia

doi:10.60074/visikes.v25i2.17989

Authors

R. Azizah Universitas Airlangga https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6741-5572
Dinda Tiara Nurzahrah Dariswan Universitas Airlangga
Sudarmaji Sudarmaji Universitas Airlangga
Mahmudah Mahmudah Universitas Airlangga
M. Hadi Khustanto PT. Dwitura Mitra Sejahtera Jl. Parengan No. 99, Desa/Kelurahan Kraton, Kec. Krian, Kab Sidoarjo, Provinsi Jawa Timur
Zaneta Aaqilah Salsabila Universitas Airlangga
Zafira Nuha Naura Universitas Airlangga
Mifaidah Kusumawati Universitas Airlangga
Fariha Zahra Aghnia Enviro Earth Non-Governmental Organization (NGO), Surabaya, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.60074/visikes.v25i2.17989

Keywords:

tofu industry, PM2.5 and PM10, smokestacks, health effects, Structural Equation Modeling

Abstract

Household-scale tofu industries generate various types of waste, including dust and smoke emissions from combustion processes that have the potential to degrade air quality and cause health problems for the surrounding community. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of dust levels (PM2.5 and PM10) based on community perceptions, the technical condition of smokestacks, and their relationship with knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, environmental impacts, and health problems among the community surrounding the tofu industry in Tropodo Village, Krian Subdistrict, Sidoarjo Regency. The study employed a cross-sectional analytical observational design involving 111 respondents, as well as observations of smokestacks at 39 tofu industry units. The analysis of relationships among variables was conducted using covariance-based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the assistance of AMOS 24. The results showed that most chimney conditions fell into the “fair” to “poor” categories, particularly regarding chimney maintenance (92.3% poor) and smoke opacity (84.6% poor). Respondents perceived dust levels in the surrounding environment to be high (mean 4.360) and to have a significant impact on environmental quality (mean 4.402) and public health (mean 4.411). SEM results indicate that dust levels have a significant positive effect on environmental impact (estimate = 0.761; p < 0.001), environmental impact has a significant positive effect on health impact (estimate = 0.653; p < 0.001), while community actions have a significant negative effect on dust levels, environmental impact, and health impact. The final structural model met good fit criteria (CMIN/DF = 2.059; CFI = 0.952; SRMR = 0.059). Suboptimal technical conditions of the smokestacks contribute to high perceived dust levels, which impact the environment and public health; therefore, improvements in emissions management are necessary.

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