Grassroots Against the Bet: Community-Led Digital Resistance to Online Gambling in Indonesia

Zaldiansyah Perdana; Shinta Amrina  Rosadha; Vicky Oktavia

doi:10.33633/jpeb.v11i2.17732

Authors

Zaldiansyah Perdana Universitas Diponegoro
Shinta Amrina Rosadha Universitas Diponegoro
Vicky Oktavia Universitas Diponegoro

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33633/jpeb.v11i2.17732

Keywords:

online gambling, connective action, collective efficacy

Abstract

Online gambling (judi online, “judol”) has become a major digital-era social and economic harm in Indonesia, particularly among young and low-income groups. This study examines community-led digital resistance as a demand-side complement to state-led site blocking and financial interdiction. It investigates how key opinion leaders, content aggregators, and youth, hobby, and government-linked communities construct and circulate anti-judol messages; how network structure shapes message reach and resonance; and whether exposure influences awareness, perceived norms, refusal self-efficacy, collective efficacy, and intention to abstain. A convergent mixed-methods design combines social network analysis, quantitative content analysis, digital-campaign analytics, a community survey, and interviews with campaign actors and institutional partners. The study integrates connective-action theory, the two-step flow of communication, collective-efficacy theory, and inoculation theory. It is expected to show that trusted brokers connecting otherwise separate communities can strengthen message diffusion, while empathetic and prebunking-oriented content can improve resistance to gambling promotion. The study contributes a Global South perspective on networked civic action and offers practical guidance for community-anchored interventions that complement enforcement, strengthen digital literacy, protect vulnerable groups, and build social resilience against online gambling

References

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211.

Bennett, W. L., & Segerberg, A. (2012). The logic of connective action: Digital media and the personalization of contentious politics. Information, Communication & Society, 15(5), 739–768.

Bennett, W. L., & Segerberg, A. (2013). The logic of connective action: Digital media and the personalization of contentious politics. Cambridge University Press.

Borgatti, S. P., Everett, M. G., & Johnson, J. C. (2018). Analyzing social networks (2nd ed.). SAGE.

Burt, R. S. (1992). Structural holes: The social structure of competition. Harvard University Press.

Cialdini, R. B., Reno, R. R., & Kallgren, C. A. (1990). A focus theory of normative conduct: Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(6), 1015–1026.

Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). SAGE.

Freeman, L. C. (1979). Centrality in social networks: Conceptual clarification. Social Networks, 1(3), 215–239.

Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360–1380.

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). SAGE.

Katz, E., & Lazarsfeld, P. F. (1955). Personal influence: The part played by people in the flow of mass communications. Free Press.

Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (4th ed.). SAGE.

McGuire, W. J. (1964). Inducing resistance to persuasion: Some contemporary approaches. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 1, 191–229.

Pusat Pelaporan dan Analisis Transaksi Keuangan (PPATK). (2025). Promensisko 2025: Menjawab ancaman judi online dan kejahatan digital lewat aksi [Press release]. PPATK. https://www.ppatk.go.id/siaran_pers/read/1474

Pusat Pelaporan dan Analisis Transaksi Keuangan (PPATK). (2026). Catatan capaian strategis PPATK tahun 2025 [Press release]. PPATK.

Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). Free Press.

Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2019). Fake news game confers psychological resistance against online misinformation. Palgrave Communications, 5, 65.

Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277(5328), 918–924.

Valente, T. W. (2012). Network interventions. Science, 337(6090), 49–53.

Wasserman, S., & Faust, K. (1994). Social network analysis: Methods and applications. Cambridge University Press