EFL Student-Generated Symbolism towards “God Sees the Truth but Waits”

Authors

  • Nadya Dwiana Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang
  • Syahri Indawan Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang
  • Dita Rizki Anggraini Universitas Indo Global Mandiri

Keywords:

Literary Appreciation, Reader Response Approach, Student-Generated Symbolism

Abstract

This study investigates EFL learners’ student-generated symbolism in responding to the short story “God Sees the Truth but Waits” by Leo Tolstoy. Employing a qualitative descriptive design, the participants were 20 sixth-semester students enrolled in a Literary Appreciation course in an English Education study program. After guided classroom discussions on symbolism as a reader-response strategy, the students were asked to create their own symbolic representations of the text and provide written explanations of their interpretations. The data, consisting of students’ symbolism and written responses, were analyzed thematically. The findings showed that student-generated symbolism enabled learners to engage in personal, critical, and multimodal meaning-making, revealing higher-order interpretive thinking in response to the literary text. The study suggests that student-generated symbolism may function effectively as a multimodal reader response that can be meaningfully integrated into EFL literature classes.  

References

Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, assessing: A revision of Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives. Longman.

Beach, R. (1993). A teacher’s introduction to reader-response theories. National Council of Teachers of English.

Bezemer, J., & Kress, G. (2016). Multimodality, learning and communication: A social semiotic frame. Routledge.

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Eagleton, T. (1996). Literary theory: An introduction (2nd ed.). University of Minnesota Press.

Febriani, R. B. (2019). The students’ reflective writing manifestation of reader-response literary analysis. EDULITE: Journal of English Education, Literature, and Culture, 4(1), 35–44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30659/e.4.1.35-44

Freyn, A. L. (2017). Effects of a multimodal approach on ESL/EFL students’ attitudes towards poetry. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(1), 80–83.

Garzón, E., & Castañeda-Peña, H. (2015). Applying the reader-response theory to literary texts in EFL pre-servicec teachers’ initial education. English Language Teaching, 8(8), 187–198. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v8n8p187

Ghazali, S. N. (2008). Visual representations: Responding to literature through drawing. Malaysian Journal of ELT Research, 4(1), 22–38.

Herlina, R. (2016). Redesigning literature learning through reader-response approach. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra, 16(2), 1–10.

Hossain, K. I. (2024). Literature-based language learning: Challenges and opportunities for English learners. Ampersand, 13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amper.2024.100201

Ishak, I., Saleh, M., Sofwan, A., & Hartono, R. (2017). Investigating the effect of reader-response journals on the quality of teacher trainees’ responses to literary works. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 7(10), 831–840. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0710.06

Kaya, E. (2014). Turkish EFL learners’ understanding and interpretation of symbolism in American short stories. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 4, 348–374. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.102

Kesler, T. (2010). Visual representation as reader response: Investigating the relationshop between students’ drawings and written responses. Reading Psychology, 31(4), 348–374. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02702710903241321

Kinasih, P. R. (2020). The application of reader-response theory to teach symbolism in literature class for EFL students. Journal of Research on English and Language Learning (J-REaLL), 1(2), 87. https://doi.org/10.33474/j-reall.v1i2.6757

Kramsch, C. (1993). Context and culture in language teaching. Oxford University Press.

Kress, G. (2010). Multimodality: A social semiotic approach to contemporary communication. Routledge.

Lazar, G. (2015). Literature and language teaching: A guide for teachers and trainers. Cambridge University Press.

Liu, Y. (2013). The challenge of teaching literature: An ESL perspective. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 3(5), 805–810. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.5.805-810

Mays, K. J. (2017). The norton introduction to literature. W. W. Norton & Company.

Pantaleo, S. (2002). Children’s interpretations of the metafictive in picture books. The Reading Teacher, 55(7), 622–631.

Paran, A. (2008). The role of literature in instructed foreign language learning and teaching: An evidence-based survey. Language Teaching, 41(4), 465–496. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S026144480800520X

Rosenblatt, L. M. (1978). The reader, the text, the poem: The transactional theory of the literary work. Southern Illinois University Press.

Sellami, A., & Ghabanchi, Z. (2017). The effect of guided literary reading on EFL learners’ interpretive and cross-cultural understanding. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 6(6), 70–77. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.6p.70

Smagorinsky, P., & Coppock, J. (1994). Cultural tools and the classroom context: An exploration of an artistic response to literature. Written Communication, 11(3), 283–310. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0741088394011003001

Published

2026-01-17