Formulation, Evaluation, Antibacterial Activity Of Roll-On Deodorant With Butterfly Pea Flower Extract Against Staphylococcus Aureus

Abstract

Body odor is a common physiological problem caused by the metabolic activity of Staphylococcus aureus, which converts odorless sweat compounds into malodorous substances. Conventional deodorants often rely on synthetic agents that may cause skin irritation and long-term health risks. Therefore, herbal-based deodorants have gained growing attention. Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) contains flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids with known antibacterial activity. This study aimed to formulate a roll-on deodorant containing butterfly pea extract, evaluate its physical characteristics, and determine its antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The extract was obtained by maceration in 70% ethanol and incorporated into three concentrations: 5% (F1), 10% (F2), and 15% (F3). Physical evaluation included organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion. Antibacterial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method. Results showed that all formulas met physical requirements, with increasing extract concentration leading to higher viscosity and adhesion but reduced spreadability. Antibacterial activity increased significantly with concentration, with F3 showing the highest inhibition zone (19.89 mm), classified as strong activity. One-way ANOVA confirmed significant differences among formulas (p<0.05). These findings suggest that butterfly pea extract is a promising candidate for developing safe, effective, and eco-friendly herbal roll-on deodorants.