Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Southeast Sulawesi: A Literature Review

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease that poses a significant public health problem not only at the global and national levels but also in the province of Southeast Sulawesi. The high incidence of DM in this region is caused by various major contributing risk factors such as lifestyle, physiological status, and genetic and socio-economic factors. This study aims to identify and analyze various risk factors for the incidence of type 2 DM based on a review of 16 local research journals conducted within the Southeast Sulawesi region. This research uses a literature review method, selecting 16 journals out of 50 that were searched through national and international scientific databases. The inclusion criteria included journals published between 2020–2024 that examined DM risk factors in the Southeast Sulawesi region. The analysis was conducted thematically based on the type of risk factor and the research location. The results of this study found that the dominant risk factors for DM include low physical activity, unhealthy dietary patterns, obesity (high BMI), family history, stress, smoking habits, poor sleep quality, and alcohol consumption.