Health Promotion Strategies in Preventing and Handling Sexual Violence against Children : a Literature Review

Abstract

Sexual violence against children (CSA) is a major public health issue with long-term physical, psychological, and social consequences. This study reviewed health promotion strategies effective in preventing and addressing CSA. A systematic literature review was conducted across four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and SINTA) for articles published between 2020–2025. From 50 records identified, 17 met inclusion criteria after PRISMA-guided screening. Results showed that school-based sexual education reduced CSA risk by 23%, underscoring the importance of integrating comprehensive sexual literacy into formal curricula. Parenting education improved parents’ ability to detect early warning signs and report cases promptly. Community-based interventions, safe houses, and social media campaigns helped reduce stigma and strengthen recovery support systems. Psychosocial approaches such as Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) and mindfulness were effective in alleviating PTSD, depression, and anxiety in victims. However, challenges remain, including underreporting, social stigma, and limited capacity among health workers. In conclusion, CSA prevention requires multisectoral collaboration involving families, schools, healthcare services, and communities. Policy implications emphasize strengthening sex education programs, institutionalizing parenting education, expanding digital literacy campaigns, and improving healthcare worker training on CSA. These integrated strategies are essential to building sustainable child protection systems and ensuring safer environments for children.