Utilization of Digital Technology to Improve Access and Quality of Primary Health Care in Indonesia

Opportunities and Challenges in the Indonesian Health System: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Primary health care is the foundation of the national health system, especially for reaching underserved and remote populations. In Indonesia, challenges persist in ensuring equitable access and improving the quality of primary care services. Digital technology offers a promising solution through platforms such as telemedicine, electronic medical records, and mobile health applications. However, its adoption is uneven due to infrastructure limitations, digital literacy gaps, and unclear regulatory frameworks. This study explores how digital technology can improve access and quality in Indonesia’s primary health care system through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Peer-reviewed articles from 2015 to 2024 were analyzed using the PRISMA protocol, sourced from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ResearchGate. The keywords used included digital health, telemedicine, primary health care, and health access. The findings show that digital technologies enhance service efficiency, expand outreach, and support remote consultations. Tools like mobile-based education and telemedicine have proven beneficial in strengthening primary care delivery. However, persistent challenges include inadequate digital infrastructure, limited training for health workers, and the absence of integrated policy frameworks. To fully harness digital health's potential, Indonesia must invest in infrastructure, improve digital literacy, and strengthen regulations. These steps are essential for ensuring sustainable and equitable improvements in primary health care delivery.