Literature Systematic Literature Review: Environmental Sanitation Conditions and Health Risks in Kendari Coastal Areas, Indonesia

Abstract

Globally, coastal populations face increasing sanitation challenges, with over 40% of the world’s population living within 100 kilometers of coastlines experiencing limited sanitation infrastructure. In Indonesia, where 60% of citizens reside in coastal areas, these problems are particularly evident in rapidly growing cities such as Kendari. Although several studies on coastal sanitation exist, there is still a lack of systematic reviews that comprehensively analyze sanitation conditions and health outcomes in Indonesian coastal settings. This study aims to describe environmental sanitation conditions in Kendari’s coastal areas. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following PRISMA guidelines by analyzing 10 eligible studies (2017–2025) from international and national databases. Articles were assessed for methodological rigor, sample representativeness, and data validity. Findings showed low household latrine ownership, unsafe water, poor waste management, and inadequate sanitation practices. Health impacts identified include diarrhea, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and childhood stunting. Contributing factors were economic limitations, low environmental literacy, and persistent socio-cultural practices. Policy implications highlight the need for integrated infrastructure development, culturally sensitive community education, and monitoring systems to achieve sustainable coastal health outcomes and support SDG targets.