DINAMIKA SHARING ECONOMY: APROPRIASI KARYA DESAIN GRAFIS MELALUI CROWDSOURCING
Keywords:
apropriasi, crowdsourcing, eksploitasi, desain grafis, kapitalisme digital, pekerjaan spekulatifAbstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana praktik crowdsourcing dalam kontes desain grafis di platform digital memunculkan bentuk baru dari eksploitasi di era kapitalisme digital. Penelitian ini berfokus pada dua kelompok utama: komunitas desainer grafis online otodidak di desa Kaliabu, Kecamatan Salaman, Kabupaten Magelang, Jawa Tengah, dan para desainer grafis online akademis di Yogyakarta. Dengan menggunakan teori Christian Fuchs mengenai tenaga kerja digital (digital labour), penelitian ini menggambarkan bagaimana desainer terlibat dalam kontes desain tanpa adanya jaminan kompensasi, yang pada akhirnya menciptakan nilai lebih (surplus value) yang dieksploitasi oleh kapitalis digital. Melalui studi kasus dan wawancara mendalam dengan desainer dari kedua kelompok, penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa digitalisasi kerja memberikan keuntungan ganda bagi pemilik platform digital. Mereka dapat memanfaatkan tenaga kerja gratis yang disumbangkan oleh desainer, serta mendapatkan keuntungan dari apropriasi data dan karya yang dihasilkan desainer tanpa kompensasi yang layak. Dalam proses ini, apropriasi terjadi ketika karya-karya yang tidak memenangkan kontes dan data pribadi desainer digunakan oleh pihak ketiga tanpa sepengetahuan atau izin mereka, menjadikan desainer sebagai subjek eksploitasi yang tidak hanya merugikan secara finansial tetapi juga dalam aspek data pribadi mereka. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik-praktik crowdsourcing dalam industri desain grafis digital perlu ditinjau kembali.References
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