VISIKES

Factors Associated With Community Behavior In Household Waste Management In Paya Bakung Village, Hamparan Perak Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency

2026-08-28T02:29:21+00:00

Household waste management behavior is an important factor in maintaining environmental cleanliness and preventing various public health problems. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with community behavior in household waste management in Paya Bakung Village, Hamparan Perak Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency. This study employed a quantitative method with an analytical observational design using a cross-sectional approach. The study involved 96 respondents selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires and direct observation, while data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-Square test. The results showed significant associations between educational level (p = 0.002), knowledge (p = 0.014), attitude (p = 0.001), and waste management facilities and infrastructure (p = 0.000) and community behavior in household waste management. In conclusion, educational level, knowledge, attitude, and waste management facilities and infrastructure were significantly associated with household waste management behavior in Paya Bakung Village, Hamparan Perak Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency. The community is encouraged to improve household waste management practices by separating waste at its source, reducing the habit of burning waste around the home, and implementing the 3R principles (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle).

Health Promotion Based Hygiene and Sanitation Practices: An Observational Study of Food Handlers’ Behavior and Kitchen Facility Cleanliness at Megah Kupi Restaurant, Medan, Indonesia

2026-08-28T02:43:56+00:00

Food safety remains a major public health concern in food service settings because inadequate hygiene and sanitation may increase contamination risks. This study aimed to describe health promotion based hygiene and sanitation practices, focusing on kitchen sanitation facilities and food handlers’ behavior at Megah Kupi Restaurant, Medan, Indonesia. A descriptive observational study with a quantitative approach was conducted in the restaurant kitchen during 2026. The study included all food handlers and sanitation facility components observed during the study period using a structured observation checklist and photographic documentation. Ten kitchen sanitation indicators and ten food handler behavior indicators were assessed as compliant or non compliant. The mean of the indicator level compliance percentages presented in the tables was 56.5% for kitchen sanitation facilities and 73.5% for food handlers’ behavior, giving an overall descriptive mean of 65.0%. Major sanitation deficiencies included the absence of a grease trap and employee lockers, inadequate pest and rodent prevention, incomplete wastewater drainage coverage, and concerns regarding water quality. Behavioral deficiencies included inconsistent use of hair covers and food covers during serving. The findings indicate that hygiene and sanitation practices had not been implemented optimally. Strengthening sanitation infrastructure, routine supervision, food safety education, and supportive workplace policies is recommended to improve hygienic behavior and reduce food contamination risks. The observation also identified variation among individual indicators, with the highest compliance found for kitchen floors, utensil washing facilities, apron use, and non-smoking behavior. These findings provide a descriptive basis for prioritizing facility improvement and reinforcement of hygienic practices through routine health promotion activities.

Determinants of Disease Risks Among Waste Pickers: The Role of PPE Availability, Compliance, Workplace Conditions, and Worker Behavior

2026-09-08T01:31:13+00:00

Waste pickers face a high risk of diseases due to exposure to waste and would exacerbated by limited use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and inadequate working conditions. This study is part of a community service program aimed at improving health protection for workers in the informal sector. A quantitative cross-sectional design using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) was employed. Data were collected at the Arista Langgeng waste scrapper site in 2025 through structured questionnaires and field observations involving 60 waste pickers. The analysis was performed using SmartPLS software with the bootstrapping technique to test the significance of relationships among variables. Results showed that PPE availability and compliance significantly affected workers' attitudes (β = 0.301; p = 0.008) and practices (β = 0.595; p = 0.000). Environmental conditions strongly influenced attitudes (β = 0.518; p = 0.000). Attitude was linked to typhoid risk (β = 0.515; p = 0.005), while practice affected diarrhea risk (β = 0.389; p = 0.009). PPE use indirectly reduced these risks through attitude and practice as mediators. In conclusion, promoting PPE availability and compliance among Arista Langgeng waste pickers is vital for reducing diarrhea and typhoid risk through improved occupational health behavior

The Relationship between Knowledge Level and Reproductive Health Triad Prevention Behavior in Adolescents

2026-09-04T08:46:49+00:00

Adolescents represent a population highly vulnerable to reproductive health risks, particularly the Adolescent Reproductive Health Triad (Triad KRR), which encompasses risky sexual behavior, HIV/AIDS, and substance abuse. National data reported 63,707 new HIV cases and 18,474 substance-abuse rehabilitation admissions in 2024, while a preliminary survey at the study site found that 70% of students lacked understanding of Triad KRR prevention and no adolescent reproductive health counseling unit (PIK-R) was yet available at the school. This study aimed to examine the relationship between knowledge level and Triad KRR prevention behavior among tenth-grade students at SMKN Bungursari, Purwakarta Regency, in 2026. A quantitative analytic-survey design with a cross-sectional approach was employed, involving 60 tenth-grade students selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a validated 20-item knowledge questionnaire and a 10-item Guttman-scale behavior questionnaire, then analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The results showed that more than half of the respondents (55%) had insufficient-to-moderate knowledge of the Triad KRR (45% moderate, 10% insufficient), while the majority (60%) demonstrated good prevention behavior. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test yielded no statistically significant association between knowledge and behavior (p = 0.269). It was concluded that no significant relationship existed between knowledge level and Triad KRR prevention behavior among tenth-grade students, indicating that knowledge alone is not a sufficient determinant of protective behavior. Establishing a school-based adolescent reproductive health counseling unit (PIK-R) is recommended to provide structured education and reinforce preventive behavior among students.

Factors Associated With Female Sterilization Use Among Women Of Reproductive Age In Central Java, Indonesia

2026-09-04T08:43:57+00:00

The use of effective contraception can help prevent unplanned pregnancies and support the health of mothers and families. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with female sterilization use among women of reproductive age in Central Java, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study design was employed using secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). Bivariate analysis was conducted, followed by logistic regression to identify factors associated with female sterilization use. Multivariate analysis showed that maternal age, parity, family planning counseling, and delivery method were significantly associated with female sterilization use (p<0.05). The odds ratios (OR) were 7.426 (95% CI: 5.280–10.444) for parity, 2.828 (95% CI: 1.941–4.119) for maternal age, 2.046 (95% CI: 1.315–3.183) for family planning counseling, and 22.531 (95% CI: 14.811–34.273) for delivery method. Delivery method had the highest OR. Female sterilization use was associated with maternal age, parity, family planning counseling, and delivery method. Comprehensive family planning counseling is essential to support informed contraceptive decision-making in accordance with women's reproductive goals.

Fly Density at Temporary Waste Storage Sites in West Ungaran, Semarang

2026-09-25T01:53:47+00:00

Temporary Waste Storage Sites (TPS) are potential breeding and resting sites for flies because accumulated waste, particularly organic waste, can provide food and suitable environmental conditions. Fly density is an indicator of environmental sanitation, while temperature and humidity may influence fly activity and persistence. Objective: This study aimed to describe fly density characteristics according to temperature and humidity conditions at TPS in West Ungaran, Semarang Regency. Methods: A descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted at 28 TPS. The observed variables were fly density, air temperature, and air humidity. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequency distributions, percentages, minimum and maximum values, means, medians, and cross-tabulation of fly density categories with temperature and humidity categories. Results: Temperature ranged from 26.8–31.2°C, with a mean of 29.05°C and median of 28.6°C. Humidity ranged from 57–84%, with a mean of 70.54% and median of 67.5%. Fifteen TPS (53.6%) had low fly density and 13 (46.4%) had high density. Nineteen TPS (67.9%) were in the supportive temperature category and nine (32.1%) in the high category. For humidity, three TPS (10.7%) were categorized as low, 20 (71.4%) as supportive, and five (17.9%) as high. All TPS with high temperature had high fly density, while high fly density occurred in both supportive and high humidity categories. Conclusion: Low fly density was slightly more prevalent, but high density remained substantial. Temperature and humidity conditions at most TPS were supportive of fly presenc.

Analysis of PM2.5 and PM10 Concentrations, Chimney Conditions, and Public Health in a Tofu-Processing Industrial Area

2026-09-25T01:52:55+00:00

Household-scale tofu industries generate various types of waste, including dust and smoke emissions from combustion processes that have the potential to degrade air quality and cause health problems for the surrounding community. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of dust levels (PM2.5 and PM10) based on community perceptions, the technical condition of smokestacks, and their relationship with knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, environmental impacts, and health problems among the community surrounding the tofu industry in Tropodo Village, Krian Subdistrict, Sidoarjo Regency. The study employed a cross-sectional analytical observational design involving 111 respondents, as well as observations of smokestacks at 39 tofu industry units. The analysis of relationships among variables was conducted using covariance-based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the assistance of AMOS 24. The results showed that most chimney conditions fell into the “fair” to “poor” categories, particularly regarding chimney maintenance (92.3% poor) and smoke opacity (84.6% poor). Respondents perceived dust levels in the surrounding environment to be high (mean 4.360) and to have a significant impact on environmental quality (mean 4.402) and public health (mean 4.411). SEM results indicate that dust levels have a significant positive effect on environmental impact (estimate = 0.761; p < 0.001), environmental impact has a significant positive effect on health impact (estimate = 0.653; p < 0.001), while community actions have a significant negative effect on dust levels, environmental impact, and health impact. The final structural model met good fit criteria (CMIN/DF = 2.059; CFI = 0.952; SRMR = 0.059). Suboptimal technical conditions of the smokestacks contribute to high perceived dust levels, which impact the environment and public health; therefore, improvements in emissions management are necessary.

Determinants of Harmstring Flexibility Among Manual Cigarette Workers

2026-09-04T08:54:53+00:00

The production of cigarettes involves manual labor, and some workers experience issues such as pain and cramping in the back of the thigh. These are symptoms of hamstring muscle shortening. Shortened hamstring muscles are often considered a primary risk factor for muscle injury, as well as a problem related to muscle health or the musculoskeletal system. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between work posture, length of service, and individual characteristics and hamstring muscle flexibility. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 55 cigarette factory workers in Kudus, Indonesia, selected by proportional random sampling. Data on age, exercise habits, and years of experience were collected using questionnaires, while work position, BMI, and hamstring flexibility were assessed through observation, anthropometric measurements, and the V-Sit and Reach Test. Bivariate analysis used the Chi-square test at a 5% significance level. The mean age of the respondents was 46.51 years, with an average exercise frequency of 1.31 times per week. A total of 56.4% of respondents fell into the normal category, and 61.8% had a tenure of less than 4 years. Chi-square analysis showed the following results: age (p=0.020), BMI (p=0.205), exercise habits (p=0.000), work posture (p=0.273), and tenure (p=0.386). Conclusion: Age and exercise habits are risk factors associated with hamstring muscle flexibility among cigarette workers in Kota Kudus District, Kudus Regency. Age and exercise habits were significantly associated with hamstring flexibility. Workplace programs should promote regular physical activity, active breaks, mobility exercises, and stretching, particularly for older workers

Household Behavioral Factors in the Implementation of STBM Pillar V: Household Wastewater Management Based on Snehandu B. Kar’s Theory

2026-09-04T08:57:54+00:00

Household wastewater management is an important component of environmental sanitation because inappropriate disposal may contribute to environmental pollution and health risks. Community-Based Total Sanitation (STBM) Pillar V focuses on the safe management of household wastewater. Based on STBM verification data from 2025, the implementation of STBM Pillar V in Bongkaran Urban Village, within the working area of Perak Timur Community Health Center, Surabaya City, remained low. This condition indicates the need to examine behavioral factors related to household wastewater management.

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between behavioral factors based on Snehandu B. Kar’s Theory and the implementation of STBM Pillar V in Bongkaran Urban Village. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted among 98 households selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Chi-Square test at a significance level of 5% (α=0.05).

The results showed significant relationships between behavior intention (p<0.001), social support (p<0.001), accessibility of information (p=0.001), personal autonomy (p=0.001), and action situation (p=0.005) and the implementation of STBM Pillar V. The five behavioral components of Snehandu B. Kar’s Theory were associated with the implementation of household wastewater management. Improving the implementation of STBM Pillar V requires attention to behavioral intention, social support, access to information, household decision-making capacity, and conditions that enable action.

The Relationship Between Patients’ Health Literacy Levels and Understanding of Outpatient Service Procedures at Puskesmas Gunungpati

2026-09-25T01:56:55+00:00

Low health literacy can hinder patients’ ability to understand health information and navigate healthcare services. This study aimed to determine the relationship between patients’ health literacy and their understanding of outpatient service procedures at Gunungpati Public Health Center, as well as the relationships of age, sex, and educational attainment with health literacy and understanding of service procedures. An analytical correlational quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 100 adult and older adult patients selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires to measure health literacy and understanding of service procedures, then analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-Square test at α = 0.05. Overall, 52.0% of respondents had good health literacy, while 48.0% had poor health literacy. Regarding understanding of service procedures, 42.0% of respondents demonstrated good understanding, whereas 58.0% demonstrated poor understanding. Age (p = 0.001) and educational attainment (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with health literacy, while sex was not (p = 0.121). Age (p = 0.228), sex (p = 0.960), and educational attainment (p = 0.574) were not significantly associated with understanding of service procedures. Health literacy was also not significantly associated with understanding of service procedures (p = 0.733). These findings indicate that improving patients’ understanding requires attention not only to individual abilities but also to the clarity, accessibility, and consistency of healthcare service information.

Household Organic Waste Management, Healthy Behavior, and Disease Symptoms: Greenhouse Gas Implications

2026-09-04T08:41:38+00:00

Household organic waste is a major contributor to national waste generation in Indonesia, yet household-level management remains limited, potentially increasing environmental disease risks and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study analyzed relationships between individual characteristics, healthy behavior, household organic waste management, and symptoms of malaria, cholera, dengue fever, pneumonia, stunting, diarrhea, and leptospirosis.

A quantitative cross-sectional study involved 100 respondents in Kelurahan Larangan, Kecamatan Candi, Kabupaten Sidoarjo, across RW 1–9, selected using proportional stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed descriptively; differences in organic waste weight between RWs were tested using the Kruskal–Wallis test, and relationships among variables were examined using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) at α = 10%.

Organic waste management remained limited: 38% of respondents owned a biopore and 48% managed their organic waste, mainly through composting. Organic waste weight did not differ significantly between RWs (p = 0.169). SEM-PLS showed valid and reliable indicators and seven significant relationships. Healthy behavior negatively affected dengue fever, diarrhea, and malaria symptoms; organic waste management negatively affected cholera and stunting but positively affected pneumonia, contrary to the hypothesized direction; education positively affected organic waste management. The highest R² was for dengue fever (19.4%).

Overall, healthy behavior and household organic waste management may reduce several waste-related disease risks and GHG emissions through controlled composting. Strengthening household education and waste-management facilities is needed to support disease prevention and climate-change mitigation. These findings highlight integrated environmental health approaches for sustainable community waste management.

Evaluation Of Registration Staff Readiness In Handling “Si Wongso” System Downtime At Hospital X

2026-09-21T00:42:42+00:00

Downtime of the Hospital Management Information System may disrupt the continuity of healthcare services, particularly in the registration unit, which serves as the initial point of patient access to hospital services. This condition requires registration staff to be adequately prepared so that services can continue when system disruptions occur. This study aimed to evaluate the readiness of registration staff in managing downtime of the “Si Wongso” system at RSD K.R.M.T. Wongsonegoro Semarang based on the aspects of Man, Money, Material, Machine, Method, and Environment. This study employed a descriptive qualitative design. Informants were selected according to predetermined criteria and consisted of registration staff from the outpatient, inpatient, and emergency registration units (TPPRJ, TPPRI, and TPPGD), as well as the Head of the Hospital Management Information System (SIMRS) as a triangulation informant. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, checklist forms, and documentation. The results showed that the Man, Material, Method, and Environment aspects supported service continuity during downtime through staff knowledge and skills, the availability of manual forms, implementation of standard operating procedures, and a supportive working environment. The Money aspect supported equipment maintenance and operational facilities; however, budget planning for downtime mitigation remained general and was not specifically allocated. In the Machine aspect, system and network disruptions were still identified and affected service continuity. Overall, registration staff demonstrated good readiness in managing downtime of the “Si Wongso” system. The hospital is therefore recommended to strengthen downtime mitigation budgeting, conduct regular training and simulation exercises, evaluate standard operating procedures, and improve system and network maintenance to ensure optimal service delivery during system disruptions.

Determining Priority Hospitals for Maternity Referral Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process

2026-09-29T01:36:14+00:00

Selecting an appropriate maternity referral hospital is important to ensure that patients receive timely and suitable healthcare services. The availability of multiple hospital alternatives requires a systematic approach that can consider several criteria simultaneously. This study aims to determine the priority of maternity referral hospitals in Sidoarjo Regency as a consideration for midwives in Sukodono District when selecting referral destinations.

This study applied the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to evaluate seven hospital alternatives based on five criteria: Quality of Medical Facilities, Quality of Medical Personnel, Quality of BPJS Services, Hospital Access, and Effectiveness of Service Time. Pairwise comparisons were used to determine the relative importance of the criteria and alternatives. Assessments involving multiple respondents were aggregated using the geometric mean method, followed by matrix normalization, Priority Vector calculation, consistency analysis, and synthesis of alternative priorities.

Quality of Medical Facilities was the highest-priority criterion with a weight of 0.42, followed by Quality of Medical Personnel (0.26), Quality of BPJS Services (0.16), Hospital Access (0.10), and Effectiveness of Service Time (0.06). The final synthesis placed Siti Khodijah Hospital (A7) as the highest-priority alternative with a value of 19.12%, followed by Anwar Medika Hospital (A4) at 15.98% and Arafah Anwar Medika Sukodono Hospital (A1) at 15.51%.

The AHP method provides a systematic approach for integrating multiple criteria and hospital alternatives in determining priorities for maternity referral destinations. The results can support midwives in considering suitable hospitals for maternity referrals.

Tuberculosis Control Based on Integrated Primary Healthcare at Mulyorejo Community Health Center in Surabaya

2026-09-04T07:06:38+00:00

Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health problem requiring strengthened control at the primary health care level. This study aimed to analyze TB control problems and formulate alternative solutions based on Integrated Primary Care (ILP) principles at the Mulyorejo Community Health Center, Surabaya.

A descriptive analytical design with a case study approach was used. Data were obtained from the 2024 Community Health Center Performance Assessment (PKP), TB program reports, health profiles of Surabaya City and East Java Province, discussions with the TB program officer and relevant health workers, and observations of TB control activities. Priority problems were identified using the Urgency, Seriousness, and Growth (USG) method, followed by root-cause analysis using a fishbone diagram.

The coverage of TB case detection and treatment reached 50% against a program target of 90%, resulting in a 40-percentage-point gap. USG analysis identified low TB case detection and treatment coverage as the highest-priority problem, with a score of 15. Fishbone analysis identified interconnected factors, including limited human resources and workload, predominantly passive case finding, limitations in screening activities, limited community and cadre involvement, and challenges in recording and reporting. Alternative solutions included community-based TB education, the use of educational media, and strengthening community health cadre involvement in TB case finding and prevention.

TB control at the Mulyorejo Community Health Center has not yet achieved the program target. An integrated approach involving active case finding, community and cadre engagement, health education, treatment adherence support, and improved use of TB program data is needed within the ILP framework.

Spatial and Descriptive Epidemiology of Tuberculosis Cases in the Ngaliyan Primary Health Care in 2022-2024

2026-08-18T05:05:17+00:00

Background: In Ngaliyan Primary Health Care, Semarang City, there were 378 cases of tuberculosis (TB) during 2022–2024, with the highest number recorded in 2023. The uneven distribution of cases between areas indicates the need for spatial analysis.

Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution and epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis cases based on person, place, and time.

Methods: A descriptive epidemiological study with a spatial epidemiology approach was conducted using secondary data from 378 tuberculosis cases. Spatial mapping was performed using QGIS at the village and RW (community unit) levels, accompanied by descriptive analysis.

Results: Tuberculosis cases were overall more common among adults and males. Spatial concentrations were observed in Bringin Village (103 cases) and Wates Village (65 cases), with RW 1 in Wates showing the highest case concentration during 2022–2024.

Conclusion: Tuberculosis cases showed an uneven spatial distribution, with high concentrations in specific villages and RWs.